Teratogenic effect of acetohydroxamic acid in clinically normal beagles

Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), a potent urease inhibitor used for treatment of infection-induced struvite urolithiasis, was teratogenic after administration of 25 mg of AHA/kg of body weight/day orally to 5 clinically normal Beagles from the onset of proestrus until parturition. Thirty pups exposed to AHA in utero developed anomalies of the skeletal system, heart, and ventral midline. Cardiac anomalies included atrial septal defects (20%), ventricular septal defects (3%), and atrial and ventricular septal defects (3%). Skeletal anomalies included coccygeal hemivertebrae and fused coccygeal vertebrae (50%), supernumerary vertebrae (67%), supernumerary ribs (50%), duplicated sternebrae (3%), and lumbar hemivertebrae (3%). Defects of the ventral midline of the abdominal wall occurred in 20% of AHA-exposed pups. Other abnormalities included retarded growth, high neonatal mortality, and a decreased number of circulating RBC, compared with those in 30 control pups born to 5 Beagles given a placebo. Adverse effects of AHA in pregnant Beagles were limited to morphologic alterations (Howell-Jolly bodies, spherocytes, and target cells) in a small number of circulating RBC. Slight neutrophilic leukocytosis and monocytosis occurred between 0 and 30 days of pregnancy in dogs given AHA, compared with those in controls. Seemingly, AHA did not influence fertility, conception rate, or length of gestation.