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Glial Cells

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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Published on: August 9, 2013

Microglia shape AgRP neuron postnatal development via regulating perineuronal net plasticity.

Jia Sun¹, Xinyuan Wang^1,2, Rui Sun¹

¹Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.

Molecular Psychiatry

|November 24, 2023

Summary

Microglia shape hypothalamic development by regulating Agouti-related protein (AgRP) neuron maturation via perineuronal net (PNN) plasticity, impacting neonatal feeding and metabolism.

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Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Culturing Microglia from the Neonatal and Adult Central Nervous System

Published on: August 9, 2013

Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue

Primary Microglia Isolation from Mixed Glial Cell Cultures of Neonatal Rat Brain Tissue

Published on: August 15, 2012

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Metabolism research

Background:

The hypothalamus regulates metabolism and energy balance through Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons.
Microglia, brain immune cells, influence neurodevelopment, but their role in hypothalamic circuit maturation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate microglial dynamics in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) during lactation.
Determine the impact of microglia on AgRP and POMC neuron development and function.

Main Methods:

Microglial depletion during a critical postnatal period.
Analysis of AgRP and POMC neuron number and fiber density.
Assessment of neonatal feeding behavior.
In vivo and ex vivo examination of perineuronal net (PNN) engulfment by microglia.
Leptin sensitivity assays.

Main Results:

Microglial depletion increased AgRP neuron number and fiber density, affecting neonatal feeding.
Microglia engulf PNN components surrounding AgRP neurons.
Absence of microglia led to increased PNN formation and enhanced leptin sensitivity.

Conclusions:

Microglia regulate postnatal AgRP neuron development through PNN plasticity.
This study elucidates microglia's role in hypothalamic circuit formation and metabolic regulation.