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Delamination Strength and Elastin Interlaminar Fibers Decrease with the Development of Aortic Dissection in Model

Genki Kurihara1, Yoshihiro Ujihara1, Masanori Nakamura1,2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that aortic dissection (AD) is linked to reduced aortic delamination strength and altered tissue composition. Specifically, decreased interlaminar elastin fibers contribute to the development of this life-threatening condition.

Keywords:
BAPNaortic dissectioncollagendelamination strengthelastin

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Aortic dissection (AD) is a critical vascular condition characterized by a tear in the aorta's inner lining, forming a false lumen.
  • Understanding the biomechanical and histological factors contributing to AD pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between aortic delamination strength and histological changes in a rat model of aortic dissection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying aortic tissue failure leading to the development of aortic dissection.

Main Methods:

  • Aortic dissection (AD) was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using beta-amino propionitrile over 0, 3, and 6 weeks.
  • Thoracic aortas were harvested for assessment of delamination strength and quantitative histological analysis of collagen and elastin.
  • Changes in interlaminar elastin fibers were specifically evaluated at various stages of AD development.

Main Results:

  • The Dissection group exhibited significant AD in the ascending aorta.
  • Aortic delamination strength significantly decreased with disease progression (Control > Pre-dissection > Dissection).
  • Histological analysis revealed increased collagen and decreased elastin, particularly a significant reduction in interlaminar elastin fibers, in AD model rats.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced aortic delamination strength, associated with decreased interlaminar elastin fibers, is a key factor in the development of aortic dissection.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of aortic tissue's structural integrity in preventing life-threatening aortic dissection.