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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

352
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
352
Language Development01:22

Language Development

369
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
369
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

880
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
880
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

100
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
100
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

340
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
340
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68

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Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking IPL: Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
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Bridging the Divide: Brain and Behavior in Developmental Language Disorder.

Noelle Abbott1,2, Tracy Love1,2

  • 1School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.

Brain Sciences
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) show atypical brain patterns, including volume and connectivity in language regions. Further research is needed to understand the exact neural mechanisms behind these language difficulties.

Keywords:
MRIbrain–behavior relationshipchild language disordersdevelopmental language disorderlanguage processingneuroimagingtheoretical accounts

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition affecting language comprehension and production.
  • DLD's heterogeneity and inconsistent neuroimaging findings complicate linking theoretical models with empirical data.
  • Genetic, biological, and environmental factors are implicated in DLD, but their precise roles are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize neuroimaging research on DLD, incorporating findings from related language-impaired groups.
  • To review theoretical explanations for language impairments in DLD.
  • To bridge neuroimaging evidence with theoretical accounts of DLD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of neuroimaging literature concerning DLD.
  • Integration of findings from studies on other language-impaired populations.
  • Review of theoretical frameworks explaining language deficits in DLD.

Main Results:

  • Children with DLD exhibit atypical brain volume, laterality, and activation/connectivity in crucial language-associated brain regions.
  • These neurobiological differences are hypothesized to underlie the language difficulties observed in DLD.
  • Inconsistencies in findings highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of DLD.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging suggests structural and functional brain differences in children with DLD.
  • These brain variations likely contribute to language impairments, but the exact mechanisms require further investigation.
  • Bridging neuroimaging and theoretical perspectives is crucial for advancing DLD research.