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Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Unhealthy Lifestyle Factors Are at a Higher Risk for Hyperuricemia

Seonyoung Kang1, Kyungdo Han2, Jinhyoung Jung3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 25, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study found HUA is strongly associated with MetS in both sexes, with a greater synergistic risk in women combining MetS and unhealthy lifestyles.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Sex-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a growing concern due to its links with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), increasing mortality.
  • Unhealthy behaviors, MetS, and HUA can interact synergistically, elevating risk factors.
  • Emerging evidence suggests sex-based differences in HUA's associations with risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-based differences in the relationships between HUA and MetS, CVD risk factors, and lifestyle behaviors.
  • To evaluate the joint effects of MetS and unhealthy lifestyles on HUA risk, stratified by sex.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey data (2016-2018).
  • Multivariable logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  • Subgroup analyses were performed based on sex and the presence of MetS with or without unhealthy lifestyle factors (tobacco use, alcohol intake).

Main Results:

  • Significant associations between MetS and HUA were observed in both men and women, irrespective of smoking or alcohol consumption.
  • The association between MetS and HUA was stronger in women.
  • A synergistic effect of MetS and lifestyle factors on HUA risk was noted, particularly in women, with up to a fourfold increased risk compared to the reference group.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-based differences exist in the associations between HUA, MetS, CVD risk factors, and lifestyle behaviors.
  • A stronger synergistic effect of MetS and unhealthy lifestyles on HUA risk in women highlights the need for sex-specific clinical strategies.
  • Tailored strategies are necessary to mitigate HUA complications and their socio-economic burden, considering sex-based variations.

Keywords:
hyperuricemialifestyle behaviorsmetabolic syndrome

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