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The Relationship between Complement Components C1R and C5 Gene Polymorphism and the Values of Blood Indices in
Hanna Szymańska1, Ewa Dzika1, Tadeusz Jarosław Zabolewicz2
1Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Żołnierska 14C, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
Insights
Complement system gene polymorphisms in C1R and C5 impact piglet blood cell counts and immune responses. C1R gene variants correlate with red and white blood cell levels, while C5 variants affect monocyte counts, influencing overall immunity.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Genetics
- Animal Science
Background:
- The complement system is crucial for innate immunity, involving proteins encoded by C1R and C5 genes.
- C1R and C5 gene products are implicated in immune response pathways, including inflammation and cell lysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between C1R and C5 gene polymorphisms and hematological/biochemical blood indices in piglets.
- To analyze these associations considering piglet age and health status.
Main Methods:
- PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to genotype C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes.
- Hematological and biochemical blood indices were measured in 473 crossbred piglets.
Main Results:
- C5 genotype frequencies deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expectations.
- C1R TT genotype was linked to lower white and red blood cell indices in younger, healthy, and older piglets.
- C5 CC genotype was associated with increased monocyte counts in younger, older, and physiologically deviating piglets.
Conclusions:
- C1R gene polymorphism may be functionally linked to erythropoiesis.
- C5 gene polymorphism influences monocyte levels, potentially altering immune defense capabilities.
- Piglets with C5 CC genotype may exhibit altered immune responses due to increased monocytes.
Abstract:
The main mechanism of innate immunity is the complement system. Its components include the protein products of the C1R and C5 genes, which are involved in the classical activation pathway as well as the inflammatory and cytolytic immune responses, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism in C1R (726T > C) and C5 (1044A > C) genes, and the values of hematological and biochemical blood indices in suckling crossbred (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace × Duroc × Pietrain) piglets (n = 473), considering their age (younger, 21 ± 3 days, n = 274; older, 35 ± 3 days, n = 199) and health status. The frequencies of the C5 genotypes deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Younger piglets, healthy piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets with the C1R TT genotype all had lower white and red blood cell indices. In piglets with the C5 CC genotype, younger piglets, piglets that deviated from physiological norms and older piglets, a greater number and/or percentage of monocytes were recorded in the blood. Older piglets also showed an increase in the number of leukocytes and granulocytes, along with a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of lymphocytes in their blood. We concluded that a polymorphism in the C1R gene may exhibit a functional association or genetic linkage with other genes involved in the process of erythropoiesis. Furthermore the relationship between the C5 gene polymorphism and the number and/or percentage of monocytes in the blood may modify the body's defense abilities. Piglets with the CC genotype, having an increased number/proportion of these cells in their blood, probably display a weakened immune response to pathogens or a chronic stimulation of the immune system.
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