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Genetic Enhancement for Biotic Stress Resistance in Basmati Rice through Marker-Assisted Backcross Breeding.

Gagandeep Singh1, Niraj Singh1, Ranjith Kumar Ellur1

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International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

New Basmati rice varieties (Pusa 3037, 3054, 3060, 3066, 3122, 3123, 3124) were developed by incorporating bacterial blight and blast resistance genes into Pusa Basmati 1509. These improved rice lines offer enhanced disease resistance and maintain excellent cooking quality.

Keywords:
NILsPB1509SNP arraybacterial blightblast

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Breeding and Genetics
  • Agricultural Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pusa Basmati 1509 (PB1509) is a high-earning Basmati rice variety known for its quality but susceptible to bacterial blight and blast.
  • Incorporating resistance genes is crucial for improving crop resilience and reducing yield losses due to biotic stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop improved Basmati rice lines with enhanced resistance to bacterial blight and blast.
  • To maintain the desirable agronomic, grain, and cooking quality traits of the recurrent parent PB1509.

Main Methods:

  • Introgressive hybridization was used to transfer bacterial blight resistance genes (xa13 + Xa21, Xa38) and blast resistance genes (Pi9 + Pib, Pita) into PB1509.
  • Foreground selection with gene-linked markers and background selection using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and 80K SNP arrays were employed.
  • Development of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) and subsequent intercrossing of elite lines to combine multiple resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • Four NILs (Pusa 3037, Pusa 3054, Pusa 3060, Pusa 3066) were developed with high genomic similarity (>97%) to PB1509, carrying specific resistance genes.
  • Stable and better-performing lines were identified through GGE-biplot analysis.
  • Triple gene pyramided lines (Pusa 3122, 3124, 3123) were generated, exhibiting agronomic and cooking qualities comparable to PB1509.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Basmati rice lines possess enhanced resistance to bacterial blight and blast, ensuring reduced pesticide use and increased productivity.
  • These improved varieties offer a sustainable solution for farmers, improving cultivation economics and consumer safety.