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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
255
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Author Spotlight: Self-Assessment Protocol for Predicting Psoriatic Arthritis in Psoriasis Patients
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Inflammation and Psoriasis: A Comprehensive Review.

Alessandra-Mădălina Man1, Meda Sandra Orăsan2, Oana-Alina Hoteiuc1

  • 1Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400126 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Psoriasis is a complex immune-mediated disease impacting skin and overall health. Research into immune pathways reveals biomarkers for personalized treatments, improving patient quality of life.

Keywords:
IL-17IL-23TNF-αbiologicsbiomarkersnanotechnologypsoriasis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disease with significant genetic influence.
  • It is associated with numerous comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and psychological disorders.
  • Understanding the immune system's role has identified key cytokine pathways (TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of psoriasis on affected individuals.
  • To elucidate key pathophysiological mechanisms and current therapeutic strategies.
  • To discuss limitations of existing treatments and explore future perspectives for improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psoriasis pathogenesis, comorbidities, and treatments.
  • Analysis of immune system interplay, focusing on cytokine circuits.
  • Exploration of biomarker discovery for personalized medicine.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific cytokine circuits (TNF-α, IL-23, IL-17) crucial to psoriasis.
  • Discovery of biomarkers predicting treatment response.
  • Recognition of psoriasis's systemic effects beyond the skin.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting specific immune pathways offers potential for personalized psoriasis therapy.
  • Biomarkers are essential for predicting treatment efficacy and guiding patient management.
  • Future research should focus on novel therapeutic strategies to enhance the quality of life for psoriasis patients.