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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Assays for Validating Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
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Targeting Epigenetic Regulators with HDAC and BET Inhibitors to Modulate Muscle Wasting.

Lorenzo Nevi1, Noora Pöllänen2, Fabio Penna3

  • 1Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET proteins show promise for reversing muscle wasting in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. Further research is needed to confirm their therapeutic potential for muscle atrophy.

Keywords:
BET proteinsHDACscachexiaepigeneticsmuscle wastingsarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle physiology and epigenetics
  • Molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting
  • Therapeutic potential of epigenetic modulation

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations drive transcriptional changes in muscle wasting conditions.
  • Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are studied in muscular dystrophies, but their role in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia is less explored.
  • Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors are emerging epigenetic drugs with potential beyond cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic inhibitors, specifically targeting HDACs and BET proteins, in combating muscle atrophy.
  • To investigate the potential of these inhibitors in conditions like cancer cachexia and sarcopenia.
  • To assess whether targeting HDACs and BET proteins can reverse the catabolic state in muscle wasting disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preliminary in vitro and preclinical data on HDACs and BET proteins in muscle atrophy.
  • Analysis of the contribution of these proteins to skeletal muscle mass maintenance and metabolism.
  • Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET pathways.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data suggest HDACs and BET proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia.
  • These proteins modulate key processes in skeletal muscle mass maintenance and metabolism.
  • Epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET proteins demonstrate potential in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

  • HDACs and BET proteins are significant contributors to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia.
  • Epigenetic drugs targeting these proteins represent a promising therapeutic strategy for muscle atrophy.
  • Further preclinical investigation is essential to elucidate molecular mechanisms and confirm therapeutic efficacy.