Bioactive ZnO Nanoparticles: Biosynthesis, Characterization and Potential Antimicrobial Applications

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are gaining attention for biomedical uses due to their safety and unique properties.
• The rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens necessitates the urgent development of novel antimicrobial agents.
• ZnONPs can be synthesized using eco-friendly methods involving microbes and plant extracts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biosynthesis and characterization of ZnONPs.
• To highlight the antimicrobial applications of biosynthesized ZnONPs.
• To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial activity of ZnONPs.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review on ZnONP biosynthesis using microbial and plant sources.
• Analysis of characterization techniques for biosynthesized ZnONPs (e.g., UV-VIS, TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR).
• Examination of studies detailing the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanisms of ZnONPs against pathogens.

Main Results:

• Biosynthesis of ZnONPs is achievable through various biological entities and plant parts, utilizing biomolecules as capping and stabilizing agents.
• Characterization confirms the formation and properties of biosynthesized ZnONPs.
• Biosynthesized ZnONPs exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including multidrug-resistant strains.

Conclusions:

• Biosynthesized ZnONPs represent a promising, safe, and effective alternative to conventional antibiotics.
• Understanding the antimicrobial mechanisms of ZnONPs is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic potential.
• Further research into biosynthesized ZnONPs can address the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance.