Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

743
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
743
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

68.4K
Overview
68.4K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

626
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
626
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

790
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
790
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.0K
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

833
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
833

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revealing the dynamics of follicular T cells and checkpoint engagement in surgically resected colorectal cancer and their relations to clinicopathological aspects.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2026
Same author

Ameliorative Effect of Plectranthus amboinicus Ethanolic Extract and Its Chitosan Nanoformulation Against Lambda-Cyhalothrin-Induced Toxicity in Male Mice.

Environmental toxicology·2026
Same author

Therapeutic effects of cold plasma-activated water on MCF7 breast cancer tumors in a mouse model.

BMC pharmacology & toxicology·2026
Same author

Signal-Level Determinants of Cognitive Decline With PPIs versus H<sub>2</sub>RAs: Transportome (CBLIF/TCN2) and CHRNA7 Nodes.

Molecular nutrition & food research·2026
Same author

In Vivo and In Silico Dissection of Triclosan-Induced Reproductive Toxicity: Protective Potentials of Nanoselenium and Phytotherapy.

Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology·2025
Same author

Altered B cell subset distribution and expression of PD-1 in preeclampsia patients.

Placenta·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K

Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients.

Hajir A Al Saihati1, Hosni A M Hussein2, Ali A Thabet3

  • 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia.

Microorganisms
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary

COVID-19 alters CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments, impacting disease severity and comorbidities. These T cell changes show sex-based differences and offer potential therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2T cell subtypesmemory T cells

More Related Videos

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Elucidating the Pathways of TFH Cell Differentiation in Acute LCMV Challenges
05:03

Author Spotlight: Elucidating the Pathways of TFH Cell Differentiation in Acute LCMV Challenges

Published on: April 26, 2024

707

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.3K
Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Elucidating the Pathways of TFH Cell Differentiation in Acute LCMV Challenges
05:03

Author Spotlight: Elucidating the Pathways of TFH Cell Differentiation in Acute LCMV Challenges

Published on: April 26, 2024

707

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis is not fully understood.
  • T cell subsets, particularly memory T cells, play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and viral infections.
  • Comorbidities can significantly influence COVID-19 outcomes and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell compartments in COVID-19 patients.
  • To examine the association between T cell alterations, disease severity, and comorbidities.
  • To identify potential sex-based differences in T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood samples analyzed using flow cytometry.
  • Comparison of T cell subsets between COVID-19 patients, recovered individuals, and healthy controls.
  • Correlation analysis of T cell percentages with clinical data, including disease severity and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in CD8+ T cells and CD8+ TEMRA cells were observed in COVID-19 patients.
  • Percentages of various CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets (T naive, T central memory, T effector memory, T stem cell memory, TEMRA) correlated with disease severity.
  • Sex-based differences in T cell subsets were noted, with distinct patterns in males and females. Alterations in T cell subsets were also linked to diabetes status.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 is associated with significant alterations in memory T cell compartments.
  • T cell subset profiles are linked to COVID-19 severity, sex, and comorbidities like diabetes.
  • Specific T cell subsets represent potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets for managing severe COVID-19.