Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
08:45

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Published on: July 21, 2014

13.5K

Shrinkage, Permeation and Freeze-Thaw Characteristics of Ambient Cured High Calcium-Based Alkali-Activated Engineered

Khandaker M A Hossain1, Dhruv Sood1

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 25, 2023
PubMed

Keywords:
alkali-activated engineered compositefiberindustrial wastesmicrostructurepowder form reagentsshrinkage/permeation/freeze–thaw durabilityAlkali-activated materialsAmbient curingConcrete durabilityFiber-reinforced compositesSustainable construction

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering12:22

Synthesis of Thermogelling PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-graft-chondroitin Sulfate Composites with Alginate Microparticles for Tissue Engineering

Published on: October 26, 2016

11.9K
A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli07:15

A Testing Platform for Durability Studies of Polymers and Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites under Concurrent Hygrothermo-mechanical Stimuli

Published on: December 11, 2014

13.8K

Related Concept Videos

Carbonation Shrinkage01:24

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction...
140
Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
80
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
76
Shrinkage in Concrete01:27

Shrinkage in Concrete

Shrinkage in concrete is primarily due to water loss from evaporation, hydration of cement, or carbonation, leading to a reduction in volume. The volumetric contraction results in volumetric strain in concrete. However, in practice, shrinkage is measured as linear strain, which is one-third of the volumetric strain.
When concrete is still in its plastic state, it can undergo a decrease in volume by about 1% of its absolute volume. This decrease is known as plastic shrinkage. It arises either...
102
Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
104
Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete01:28

Effects of Air-entrainment in Concrete

Air entrainment in concrete significantly enhances the material's durability, especially in environments subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. Introducing small air bubbles into the concrete mix acts as internal voids that accommodate the expansion of water when it freezes, thereby alleviating internal stress and preventing structural cracks. This function is crucial in climates with significant freezing and thawing, as it protects the concrete from repeated stresses that could lead to premature...
88