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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

4.7K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
4.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets
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Combining 3D-Printing and Electrospinning to Manufacture Biomimetic Heart Valve Leaflets

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Progress on a Novel, 3D-Printable Heart Valve Prosthesis.

Filip Schröter1,2, Ralf-Uwe Kühnel1, Martin Hartrumpf1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 14770 Brandenburg an der Havel, Germany.

Polymers
|November 25, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D-printable polymeric heart valve, the TIPI valve, demonstrates improved hemodynamics and reduced regurgitation. Its simplified design facilitates 3D printing and potential mass production for a competitive alternative to existing prostheses.

Keywords:
3D printingaortic valve prosthesispolymeric heart valves

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polymeric heart valves aim to combine the benefits of biological and mechanical valves, offering improved hemodynamics and longevity.
  • Advances in polymer science have led to a resurgence in the development of polymeric heart valve prostheses.
  • The TIPI valve is a novel, 3D-printable aortic valve prosthesis designed without a central leaflet restrictor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present progress on the TIPI valve, a novel 3D-printable aortic valve prosthesis.
  • To create a competitive alternative to current flexible polymer heart valve prostheses.
  • To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the latest TIPI valve prototype.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) prototypes of the TIPI valve were designed and 3D-printed using silicone.
  • Hemodynamic performance was assessed using an HKP 2.0 hemodynamic testing device.
  • Performance was benchmarked against an aortic valve bioprosthesis (BP), a mechanical prosthesis (MP), and a previous TIPI prototype (TIPI 2.2).

Main Results:

  • The latest prototype (TIPI 3.4) demonstrated a reduced regurgitation fraction (15.2 ± 3.7%) compared to TIPI 2.2 (36.6 ± 5.0%).
  • Systolic pressure gradient for TIPI 3.4 (11.0 ± 2.7 mmHg) was comparable to benchmarks.
  • Effective orifice area (EOA) for TIPI 3.4 (1.39 cm²) was equivalent to current aortic valve prostheses.

Conclusions:

  • Removing the central restrictor structure in the TIPI valve alleviated thrombogenicity concerns and increased unobstructed opening area.
  • The TIPI valve prototypes exhibited unidirectional leaflet movement and promising hemodynamic performance.
  • The simplified design is suitable for 3D printing and potential mass production using molds and biocompatible polymers.