Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Retina01:32

The Retina

69.1K
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
69.1K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.5K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.5K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

7.1K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
7.1K
Vision01:24

Vision

53.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
53.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A2 amacrine cell output synapses to alpha ganglion cells in the mouse retina.

Vision research·2026
Same author

A pathogenic AMPA receptor gating mutation disrupts synapse-mitochondrion axis and stalls synapse maturation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Molecular mechanism establishing the OFF pathway in vision.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Mechanisms of simultaneous linear and nonlinear computations at the mammalian cone photoreceptor synapse.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

A sign-inverted receptive field of inhibitory interneurons provides a pathway for ON-OFF interactions in the retina.

Nature communications·2023
Same author

Mechanisms of simultaneous linear and nonlinear computations at the mammalian cone photoreceptor synapse.

Nature communications·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.3K

Modular interneuron circuits control motion sensitivity in the mouse retina.

Andrew Jo1, Sercan Deniz1, Suraj Cherian1

  • 1Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.

Nature Communications
|November 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a new inhibitory neuron, COMS-AC, that shapes how retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) process visual motion. This reveals modular circuits in the retina, enhancing coding capacity by differentiating responses in similar RGC types.

More Related Videos

Long-term Sensory Conflict in Freely Behaving Mice
06:12

Long-term Sensory Conflict in Freely Behaving Mice

Published on: February 20, 2019

6.8K
Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
07:53

Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments

Published on: January 16, 2024

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.3K
Long-term Sensory Conflict in Freely Behaving Mice
06:12

Long-term Sensory Conflict in Freely Behaving Mice

Published on: February 20, 2019

6.8K
Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments
07:53

Author Spotlight: Using the Split Retina Technique for Enhanced Access and Accelerated Experiments

Published on: January 16, 2024

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Retinal Circuitry
  • Visual Processing

Background:

  • Neural computations depend on precise neuronal connections.
  • Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with similar structures can have distinct response properties.
  • Understanding interneuron function is key to deciphering RGC response diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel interneuron types influencing RGC responses.
  • To elucidate the circuit mechanisms underlying differential object motion sensitivity (OMS) in RGCs.
  • To reveal how specific synaptic connections shape visual information processing in the retina.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intersectional mouse genetics for single-cell type labeling of retinal neurons.
  • Employed optogenetic stimulation to probe synaptic connections and neuronal function.
  • Applied chemogenetic inactivation to assess the functional contribution of specific interneurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel amacrine cell type, COMS-AC (counter-OMS AC), with inhibitory roles.
  • Demonstrated that COMS-AC provides glycinergic inhibition to OMS-insensitive HD2p-RGCs during local motion.
  • Showed that COMS-AC does not synapse with W3(UHD)-RGC, allowing these cells to be OMS-driven by other inputs.

Conclusions:

  • Modular interneuron circuits, like the one involving COMS-AC, enable structurally similar RGCs to exhibit diverse responses.
  • Specific inhibitory control by COMS-AC explains the OMS-insensitivity of HD2p-RGCs.
  • This circuit organization minimizes redundancy and expands the retina's coding capacity for visual stimuli.