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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Cell-matrix interfacial energies and matrix deformation energies are comparable at cellular scales.
  • The influence of capillary effects on tissue shape and motion remains poorly understood.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for tissue development and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how capillary effects influence tissue shape and motion.
  • To explore the dynamics of cell aggregate wetting on substrates of varying elasticity.
  • To elucidate the role of active elasto-capillary forces in collective cell migration.

Main Methods:

  • Inducing wetting of cell aggregates on adhesive substrates with controlled elasticity.
  • Correlating wetting dynamics with the balance of interfacial tensions.
  • Employing experiments, data-driven modeling, and computational simulations.

Main Results:

  • Cell-substrate tension drives outward expansion on rigid substrates.
  • On compliant substrates, aggregate capillary forces generate internal pressures for expansion.
  • Myosin-driven active elasto-capillary effects adapt wetting mechanisms to substrate rigidity.

Conclusions:

  • Active elasto-capillary forces are critical for cell aggregate wetting and adaptation to substrate properties.
  • A novel pressure-based mechanism guides collective cell motion.
  • Findings offer insights into tissue morphogenesis and disease progression.