[Clinical risk management: a new frontier for Italian Cardiology]

Patient safety is the moral and ethical responsibility of healthcare professionals, representing a constantly evolving field in industrialized countries whose key factors are sustainability, training and prevention. Clinical risk management is primarily concerned with systems issues, but people are of paramount importance to effective teamwork and leadership. Hospitals have recently been urged to adopt the methods of high-fidelity organizations to identify and change ineffective practice patterns: recognizing that little things that go wrong are early warning signs of trouble, near miss and errors become information about the health of systems and learn from them. Italian Cardiology will have to assume clinical risk as a common practice, through a rigorous examination of the causes of adverse events, staff training, sharing of validated adverse event analysis tools, identification of corrective actions and definition of shared procedures, the systematic control of the adoption of the planned interventions, the evaluation of the results of the measures implemented by applying stringency and scientific method in this area. The text tries to explain, in a pragmatic way, the main problems that hinder the diffusion of the culture of safety in Italian hospitals and in cardiology by proposing solutions.