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Ultralight Ultrafast Enzymes.

Xuepei Zhang1, Zhaowei Meng1, Christian M Beusch1

  • 1Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isotopically depleted materials accelerate bacterial growth and enhance enzyme performance. Ultralight enzymes exhibit significantly faster kinetics and improved thermal stability, with potential applications in rapid reaction processes.

Keywords:
EnzymesIsotopesKineticsMass Spectrometry

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Heavy stable isotopes in inorganic materials can alter physicochemical properties.
  • Previous research focused on inorganic materials, not biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of simultaneous heavy isotope depletion (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its expressed enzymes.
  • To assess changes in bacterial growth, protein thermal stability, and enzyme kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing E. coli in media depleted of heavy stable isotopes.
  • Measuring bacterial growth rates.
  • Assessing thermal stability of bacterial proteins.
  • Determining kinetic parameters of recombinant enzymes (luciferase, thioredoxin, dihydrofolate reductase, Pfu DNA polymerase).

Main Results:

  • E. coli exhibited accelerated growth rates.
  • Most bacterial proteins displayed enhanced thermal stability.
  • Recombinant enzymes showed significantly faster kinetics, with up to 250% increased activity at room temperature and an additional 50% increase at 10°C.
  • Specific enzymes like luciferase, thioredoxin, dihydrofolate reductase, and Pfu DNA polymerase demonstrated marked improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous depletion of heavy isotopes in biological media positively affects bacterial growth and enzyme function.
  • Accelerated enzyme kinetics are potentially due to diminished conformational and vibrational entropy.
  • Ultralight enzymes offer potential for applications requiring extremely high reaction rates.