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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Implicit versus explicit first impressions in performance-based assessment: will raters overcome their first

Timothy J Wood1, Vijay J Daniels2, Debra Pugh3,4,5

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 850 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G-5Z3, Canada. twood@uottawa.ca.

Advances in Health Sciences Education : Theory and Practice
|November 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

First impressions do not significantly bias physician raters' subsequent judgments of learner performance, even when explicitly stated. Raters effectively adjusted their evaluations based on observed changes in performance, regardless of initial impressions.

Keywords:
First impressionsRater biasRater cognitionRater-based assessmentWorkplace-based assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Psychology
  • Performance Assessment

Background:

  • First impressions can influence judgments, but their impact on rater bias in workplace performance evaluations remains unclear.
  • Previous research on overcoming first impressions often involves experimental settings with explicit impressions, which may not reflect real-world implicit biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if initial impressions affect physician raters' judgments when a learner's workplace performance changes.
  • To compare the effect of explicitly stated first impressions versus implicitly formed first impressions on subsequent ratings.

Main Methods:

  • Physician raters viewed videos of learners with consistent or changing performance (Strong to Weak, Weak to Strong).
  • One group (Explicit) made a first impression global rating (FIGR) before scoring with Mini-CEX; the other group (Implicit) only used Mini-CEX.
  • Statistical analysis compared FIGR and Mini-CEX Global ratings (GR) within and between groups.

Main Results:

  • In the Explicit group, FIGR significantly differed from Mini-CEX GR when performance changed (Strong to Weak: 5.94 vs. 3.02; Weak to Strong: 2.44 vs. 3.96).
  • No significant difference was found between FIGR and Mini-CEX GR in the consistent performance condition (6.61 vs. 6.65).
  • No significant differences in Mini-CEX GR were observed between the Explicit and Implicit groups across all conditions, indicating raters adjusted their judgments.

Conclusions:

  • Physician raters successfully adjusted their judgments based on observed learner performance, mitigating the impact of initial impressions.
  • Explicitly stating first impressions did not lead to greater rater bias compared to implicit impression formation in this workplace context.
  • Findings suggest that raters can overcome initial biases when evaluating performance in a clinical setting.