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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2025

A Familial Hypercholesterolemia Human Liver Chimeric Mouse Model Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocytes
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The causal relationship between pure hypercholesterolemia and psoriasis: A bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian

Ruimin Bai1, Landong Ren1, Jiaqi Guo1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Skin Research and Technology : Official Journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [And] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [And] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)
|November 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pure hypercholesterolemia (PH) increases the risk of developing psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Conversely, psoriatic arthritis may decrease the likelihood of having pure hypercholesterolemia.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationpsoriasispsoriasis arthritispsoriasis vulgarispure hypercholesterolemia

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Dermatology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • The association between pure hypercholesterolemia (PH) and psoriasis is documented but lacks clear causal evidence.
  • Understanding the causal link is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between pure hypercholesterolemia and psoriasis using Mendelian randomization.
  • To determine if PH is a causal risk factor for psoriasis and its subtypes, including psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing genome-wide association study data.
  • Selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables.
  • Application of inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median (WM) methods for causal inference, with heterogeneity and pleiotropy assessments.

Main Results:

  • Pure hypercholesterolemia demonstrates a significant positive causal effect on psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
  • No causal effect was observed between PH and psoriasis vulgaris or other unspecified psoriasis types.
  • Inverse MR analysis indicated a negative causal relationship, suggesting PsA may reduce the risk of PH.

Conclusions:

  • Pure hypercholesterolemia is a causal factor for developing psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
  • Psoriatic arthritis may have a protective effect against pure hypercholesterolemia.