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Unveiling complementarities between national sustainable development strategies through network analysis.

Mimi Gong1, Ke Yu2, Zhenci Xu3

  • 1Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.

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Understanding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) interactions is key. This study uses network analysis to map SDG complementarities, revealing a socioeconomic core and environmental periphery, with specific goals acting as crucial bridges for global development.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sustainability Science
  • Network Analysis
  • International Development

Background:

  • The United Nations' 2030 Agenda outlines 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 232 indicators.
  • Effective achievement of SDGs hinges on understanding interdependencies and prioritizing development pathways.
  • Existing methods often overlook the complex interactions and comparative advantages between SDGs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive network analysis of global SDG complementarities.
  • To map the 'SDG space' at both goal and indicator levels using economic 'product space' concepts.
  • To identify key 'bridge' goals and indicators that connect different SDG clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an 'SDG space' network based on co-occurrences of SDG comparative advantages.
  • Network analysis applied to both goal-level and indicator-level data.
  • Validation through comparison with correlation networks and predictive power assessment using historical data.

Main Results:

  • Identification of a strongly connected socioeconomic cluster and a distinct environmental cluster.
  • Key 'bridge' goals identified: SDG 17, SDG 8, SDG 15 (environmental); SDG 7, SDG 6, SDG 16 (socioeconomic).
  • The Free Press Index (16-9) emerged as a critical 'bridge' indicator with high centrality, particularly in China.

Conclusions:

  • Network analysis effectively visualizes SDG interconnections, highlighting distinct socioeconomic and environmental clusters.
  • 'Bridge' goals and indicators are vital for facilitating progress across different sustainability dimensions.
  • Targeting specific 'bridge' indicators, like the Free Press Index, can yield cascading positive effects for overall sustainable development.