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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Spermatogenesis01:41

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Infertility in Females01:28

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Collection of Post-mating Semen from the Female Reproductive Tract and Measurement of Semen Liquefaction in Mice
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[Male contraception].

A Faix1, C Methorst2, V Hupertan3

  • 1Clinique Saint-Roch, 560, avenue du colonel Pavelet dit Villars, 34000 Montpellier, France.

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing male contraception options is crucial for global health equity. New hormonal and non-hormonal methods, alongside improved vasectomy techniques, are expanding choices beyond condoms and traditional vasectomy.

Keywords:
CondomContraceptionContraception hormonaleContraception thermiqueHormonal contraceptionIndice de PearlNon-scalpel vasectomyPearl indexPréservatifThermal contraceptionVasectomie sans scalpel

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Urology
  • Contraceptive Development

Context:

  • Female contraception currently dominates global health, creating an imbalance in contraceptive responsibility.
  • Advancements in male contraception are essential to redistribute the global contraceptive burden.
  • Male contraceptive options are vital for achieving reproductive health equity.

Purpose:

  • To review current male contraception options, including hormonal and non-hormonal methods.
  • To establish principles for male pre-contraception consultations.
  • To analyze research avenues, advantages, and disadvantages of male contraceptive development.

Summary:

  • Current validated male contraceptive options include condoms and vasectomy.
  • New hormonal (androgen therapy, progestins, testosterone) and non-hormonal (thermal) methods are under investigation.
  • Minimally invasive vasectomy techniques have reduced complications and improved efficacy, with reversibility and regret being key considerations.

Impact:

  • Male contraception is becoming increasingly important in urology consultations.
  • Urologists must provide informed consent and advice on minimally invasive vasectomy techniques.
  • Emerging reversible male contraceptive options aim to promote contraceptive equity.