From the lab to the field: handheld surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of viral proteins

Translating sensors from the lab benchtop to a readily available point-of-need setting is desirable for many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and industry. However, this transition generally suffers from loss of sensitivity, high background signals, and other issues which can impair reproducibility. Here we adapt a label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensor for SARS-CoV-2 antigens from a lab-based assay to a handheld device. Utilizing a peptide capture molecule, which we previously employed for a surface-based assay, we optimize a simpler and more cost-efficient nanoparticle-based assay. This new assay allows for the direct detection of these viral antigens by SERS, now with the advantages of robustness and portability. We highlight considerations for nanoparticle modification conditions and warn against methods which can interfere with accurate detection. The comparison of these two assays will help guide further development of SERS-based sensors into devices that can be easily used in point-of-care settings, such as by emergency room nurses, farmers, or quality control technicians.