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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

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High-performance polyimine vitrimers from an aromatic bio-based scaffold.

Kevin A Stewart¹, Jacob J Lessard¹, Alexander J Cantor¹

¹George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA sumerlin@chem.ufl.edu.

RSC Applied Polymers

|November 28, 2023

Summary

Bio-based vitrimers derived from vanillin offer a sustainable solution for high-performance thermal protection. These recyclable and renewable materials exhibit excellent thermal stability and mechanical reprocessability for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science
Sustainable Materials

Background:

Bio-based vitrimers combine recyclability with renewable feedstocks.
Vanillin, a lignin derivative, facilitates polyimine network construction with tunable properties.
High aromatic content is crucial for thermal protection systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate highly aromatic polyimine vitrimers from a novel trifunctional vanillin monomer.
To investigate the tunable viscoelastic and thermal properties of these vanillin-based vitrimers.
To assess the reprocessability and recyclability of the developed materials.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a novel trifunctional vanillin monomer via nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
Crosslinking the monomer with various diamines to form polyimine networks.
Characterization of thermal properties (Tg, degradation temperature, char yield) and mechanical behavior.

Main Results:

Fabrication of polyimine networks with high aromatic content from vanillin.
Tunable glass transition temperatures (9–147 °C) and degradation temperatures up to 370 °C.
Excellent char yields (up to 68%) and mechanical reprocessability over five cycles.

Conclusions:

Vanillin-based vitrimers offer tunable properties and high thermomechanical performance.
These materials are suitable for heat-shielding and ablative coating applications.
The facile synthesis from renewable vanillin promotes sustainable material development.