Antigenic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment.
• However, many patients do not achieve long-term benefits, and some experience adverse effects.
• RCC's modest mutation burden and lack of correlation between neoantigen load and ICI response necessitate further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify target antigens for effective anti-tumor immunity in RCC.
• To improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapies for RCC.
• To explore antigen-directed therapies for clear cell RCC.

Main Methods:

• Review of potential target antigen classes in RCC.
• Analysis of previous and ongoing antigen investigation efforts.
• Focus on clear cell histology.

Main Results:

• Most patients with advanced RCC do not benefit from current ICIs.
• Antigen identification is critical for understanding ICI response and resistance.
• Targeting specific antigens may improve immunotherapy outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Concerted antigen discovery efforts are needed for RCC.
• Understanding target antigens will improve response and resistance knowledge.
• This work lays the foundation for precision antigen-directed immunotherapies in RCC.