Who makes a more consistent first impression? Examining the structure and correlates of dissensus
Elizabeth U Long1, Erika N Carlson1, Victoria Pringle1
1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Personality
|November 28, 2023
Summary
Targets significantly influence first impressions by providing more information, leading to consistent judgments. Making a negative impression can incur social costs, highlighting the importance of target characteristics in social perception.
Area of Science:
- Social Psychology
- Impression Formation
- Person Perception
Background:
- Targets significantly impact the accuracy of first impressions.
- Studying target influence on impression consensus has been challenging.
- The extended Social Relations Model aids in exploring individual differences in consensus.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate how targets shape consensus in impression formation.
- Explore the structure and correlates of individual differences in consensus (dissensus).
Main Methods:
- Utilized 3 studies with 187 target photographs rated by 960 perceivers.
- Assessed personality, evaluative traits, and coded physical cues.
- Examined within-target consistency of consensus across traits and its correlates.
Main Results:
- Impression consistency across traits was broadly observed.
- High-consensus targets were more expressive, possessed normative physical cues, and were viewed positively.
- Target expressiveness, normativity, and positivity correlated with consensus.
Conclusions:
- Targets uniquely predict consensus in first impressions by offering more perceiver information.
- Negative impressions may carry social costs for targets.
- Target characteristics are crucial in understanding consensus in personality judgments.
Related Concept Videos
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
01:31Confirmation Biases
5.5K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.5K
00:57Deindividuation
26.4K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.4K
01:15Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model
773
Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
773
00:52Social Proof
27.7K
Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.
27.7K
02:12Relationship Formation
40.0K
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
40.0K