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Multilevel Gradient-Ordered Silicon Anode with Unprecedented Sodium Storage.

Ying Li1, Feng Wu1,2, Yu Li1,2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed multilevel gradient-ordered silicon (MGO-Si) for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This novel anode material significantly enhances sodium storage capacity and cycling stability, paving the way for improved battery performance.

Keywords:
gradient-order structuresilicon anodesodium storage mechanismsodium-ion batteriesuniversality of electrochemical reconstruction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Crystalline silicon anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) offer high theoretical capacities but suffer from poor sodium storage efficiency (<40 mAh g⁻¹).
  • Ineffective sodium storage in silicon limits the practical application of SIBs, necessitating advanced anode materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective and high-performance anode material for SIBs by improving silicon's sodium storage capability.
  • To investigate an atomic-order structural design for silicon to enhance its electrochemical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical reconstruction was used to create multilevel gradient-ordered silicon (MGO-Si) with in situ-formed short-, medium-, and long-range ordered structures.
  • The sodium storage mechanism of MGO-Si was studied, and its performance was evaluated in SIBs, including reconstructed Si/C composites.

Main Results:

  • MGO-Si demonstrated a high reversible capacity of 352.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability (95.2% retention after 4000 cycles).
  • The adsorption-intercalation mechanism in MGO-Si contributed to improved specific capacity (339.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹).
  • Reconstructed Si/C composites achieved a high reversible capacity of 449.5 mAh g⁻¹, outperforming most carbonaceous anodes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed MGO-Si material offers a promising solution for high-performance sodium storage in SIBs.
  • The electrochemical reconstruction strategy is effective in enhancing the capacity of various materials, including micro-Si, SiO₂, SiC, graphite, and TiO₂, by 1.5-6 times.
  • This work provides a new avenue for designing advanced electrode materials for next-generation battery technologies.