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Related Concept Videos

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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Microfluidic Model to Mimic Initial Event of Neovascularization
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Magneto-Mechanical Actuation Induces Endothelial Permeability.

Mohammad Kanber1, Obum Umerah2, Stephen Brindley3

  • 1Department of Physics, Howell Science Complex, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA) uses iron nanoparticles and magnetic fields to temporarily increase blood vessel permeability, enhancing targeted cancer drug delivery without harming cells.

Keywords:
endothelium leakinessmagnetic fieldmagnetic nanoparticlesmagneto-mechanical actuation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with over 1.9 million new cases and 0.6 million deaths expected in the US in 2023.
  • Effective cancer treatment relies on therapeutic targeting, but abnormal tumor vasculature hinders drug delivery.
  • Existing methods to improve drug delivery can promote tumor migration and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an innovative method, magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA), to enhance endothelial permeability for improved drug delivery.
  • To investigate the use of FDA-approved PEGylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEG-SPIONs) and alternating magnetic fields for inducing permeability.
  • To establish a proof-of-concept for MMA in a 2D cell culture model.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a 2D cell culture model.
  • Incubated HUVECs with PEG-SPIONs and exposed them to controlled alternating magnetic fields.
  • Optimized particle concentration, incubation times, and magnetic field parameters (100 mT, 65 Hz, 30 min pulse mode).

Main Results:

  • MMA induced actin filament remodeling and disrupted endothelial-cadherin junctions, creating transient gaps.
  • Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran translocation was observed through the induced gaps.
  • No reduction in cell viability was detected for up to 3 hours of incubation at 100 μg/mL PEG-SPIONs.
  • Peak endothelial permeability of 33% was achieved 2 hours post-magnetic field treatment.

Conclusions:

  • MMA effectively and transiently increases endothelial permeability via a magneto-mechanical stress mechanism.
  • This method shows promise for targeted drug delivery to tumors and other anatomical regions.
  • The approach offers a novel strategy for overcoming drug delivery barriers in various disease interventions.