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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

Published on: February 23, 2024

Aligners, can my child use them too?

L Paglia¹, G Marzo²

¹Editor in chief European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry.

European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry

|November 28, 2023

Summary

Clear aligners offer comfort, hygiene, and aesthetic benefits for children

Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Pediatric Dentistry

Background:

Clear aligners are an increasingly popular orthodontic treatment for children.
Traditional braces can cause discomfort and hygiene challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the suitability of clear aligners for pediatric orthodontic treatment.
To compare the benefits and limitations of clear aligners versus traditional braces in children.

Main Methods:

Literature review on clear aligner efficacy in pediatric patients.
Case-by-case clinical evaluation of orthodontic issues.
Distinguishing between dental and skeletal malocclusions.

Main Results:

Clear aligners provide greater comfort, improved hygiene, and better aesthetics compared to braces.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment

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Using an Automated Hirschberg Test App to Evaluate Ocular Alignment

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Aligners are effective for certain dental malocclusions but not recommended for skeletal issues.

Treatment success is highly dependent on patient cooperation.

Conclusions:

Clear aligners can be a viable orthodontic option for children with specific dental needs and high cooperation levels.
A critical, evidence-based approach is essential for selecting orthodontic appliances.
The orthodontist's expertise remains paramount in patient treatment, regardless of the appliance used.