Mediation analysis method review of high throughput data

High-throughput technologies have made high-dimensional settings increasingly common, providing opportunities for the development of high-dimensional mediation methods. We aimed to provide useful guidance for researchers using high-dimensional mediation analysis and ideas for biostatisticians to develop it by summarizing and discussing recent advances in high-dimensional mediation analysis. The method still faces many challenges when extended single and multiple mediation analyses to high-dimensional settings. The development of high-dimensional mediation methods attempts to address these issues, such as screening true mediators, estimating mediation effects by variable selection, reducing the mediation dimension to resolve correlations between variables, and utilizing composite null hypothesis testing to test them. Although these problems regarding high-dimensional mediation have been solved to some extent, some challenges remain. First, the correlation between mediators are rarely considered when the variables are selected for mediation. Second, downscaling without incorporating prior biological knowledge makes the results difficult to interpret. In addition, a method of sensitivity analysis for the strict sequential ignorability assumption in high-dimensional mediation analysis is still lacking. An analyst needs to consider the applicability of each method when utilizing them, while a biostatistician could consider extensions and improvements in the methodology.