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Related Concept Videos

Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

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Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
04:59

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models

Published on: August 18, 2023

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Dry Powder Inhalers: An Overview.

Anthony J Hickey1

  • 1RTI International, RTP, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery
|November 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Dry powder inhalers are crucial for asthma and COPD treatment. Formulation development requires expertise in chemistry, physics, engineering, and design to meet therapeutic needs and patient usability.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are vital for managing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • Their development involves a multidisciplinary approach integrating various scientific and engineering fields.
  • Extensive research over 50 years has advanced the understanding of this complex dosage form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key considerations in developing effective dry powder inhaler products.
  • To highlight the interdisciplinary nature of DPI formulation and design.
  • To emphasize the importance of the target product profile in guiding development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of formulation development principles for DPIs.
Keywords:
aerosoldose-metering systemsdrug formulationinhalation devicesinhaler designmillingspray drying

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  • Analysis of contributing disciplines: analytical/physical chemistry, aerosol physics, device technology, process engineering, industrial design.
  • Examination of guiding principles including therapeutic requirements, technological trade-offs, and patient-centric design.

    • Main Results:

    • DPI formulation is complex, requiring integration of diverse scientific and engineering expertise.
    • Successful DPI development balances therapeutic efficacy with device functionality and patient usability.
    • The target product profile serves as a comprehensive framework for development.

    Conclusions:

    • Dry powder inhaler product development is a sophisticated, multidisciplinary endeavor.
    • Optimizing DPIs necessitates a holistic approach considering therapy, technology, and patient factors.
    • The target product profile is essential for successful DPI design and clinical application.