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Related Experiment Videos

Cognitive style in depression.

I M Blackburn, S Jones, R J Lewin

    The British Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |November 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The revised Cognitive Style Test (CST) effectively differentiates depressed patients from anxious and healthy individuals, highlighting negative thinking patterns specific to depression. This cognitive style may indicate vulnerability to mood disorders.

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    Area of Science:

    • Clinical Psychology
    • Cognitive Science
    • Psychopathology Research

    Background:

    • Cognitive models suggest negative thinking styles contribute to depression and anxiety.
    • Existing cognitive scales require validation for differentiating specific mood disorders.
    • The Cognitive Style Test (CST) was revised to enhance its diagnostic utility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To validate a revised version of the Cognitive Style Test (CST).
    • To assess the CST's ability to differentiate between depressed, anxious, recovered, and normal individuals.
    • To examine the specificity of negative thinking patterns in depression versus anxiety.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared patient groups (depressed, anxious, recovered) and healthy controls using the revised CST.

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  • Administered concurrent measures: Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Automatic Thought Questionnaire, Hopelessness Scale, and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.
  • Utilized statistical analyses, including covariance with age, to differentiate groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Depressed patients differed from controls on all CST subscales and other cognitive measures.
    • Depressed patients differed from recovered patients, except for self-related negative interpretations (age-controlled).
    • Anxious patients were distinguished from depressed patients by overall negative thinking, event interpretations, and world-related thinking (age-controlled); hopelessness and dysfunctional attitudes also differentiated these groups.

    Conclusions:

    • The revised CST demonstrates face and concurrent validity.
    • Negative thinking patterns are specific to depression, suggesting a vulnerable cognitive style.
    • The CST aids in distinguishing cognitive profiles of depression and anxiety disorders.