Eco-friendly liquid chromatography method for the quantification of ibrutinib in a pharmaceutical dosage form

The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in its capsule dosage form and assess the homogeneity of the dosage form using green chromatography. The chromatographic method using gradient elution mode was optimized and validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The analysis was conducted on a Zodiac C18 column (75 × 4.6 mm and 3.5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of pH 5.5 potassium phosphate buffer (mobile phase A) and 90% ethanol in milli-Q water (mobile phase B), with a flow rate set at 0.6 mL/min. Based on the validation data, the accuracy results fell within the range of 99.1%-100.6%. The relative standard deviation (% RSD) from precision for both the assays and the uniformity of dosage by content uniformity were determined to be 0.82 and 1.16, respectively. The correlation coefficient obtained from the linearity experiment was 0.999, indicating a strong linear relationship. The greenness of the developed method was assessed using various tools, including the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) pictogram, Modified NEMI, Analytical Eco-score calculation, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) pictogram, Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), and AGREE preparation (AGREEprep). The obtained greenness profile suggests that the optimized LC method is an excellent greener method, supported by the analytical eco-score of 86.