Design of a multi-band Raman tweezers objective for in situ studies of deep-sea microorganisms

The investigation of deep-sea microorganisms holds immense significance and value in advancing the fields of life sciences, biotechnology, and environmental conservation. However, the current lack of specialized underwater objectives specifically designed for in situ studies of deep-sea microorganisms hampers progress in this area. To address this limitation, we present the design of a multi-band Raman tweezer objective tailored for deep-sea environments. The objective is integrated into a high-pressure chamber capable of withstanding depths up to 1.5 km, enabling in situ microscopic imaging, optical tweezer capture, and Raman detection of deep-sea microorganisms. Through meticulous structural optimization, meticulous material selection, and thorough mechanical analysis of the underwater optical window, the objective exhibits remarkable attributes such as multi-band functionality, extended working distance, and high numerical aperture. Our design yields image quality near the diffraction limit, successfully achieving flat-field and apochromatic performance in each respective wavelength bands. Moreover, the tolerance analysis demonstrates that the full-field root mean square (RMS) wave aberration approaches λ/14, effectively meeting the demands of manufacturing and practical applications. This objective lens constitutes a vital tool for the in situ exploration of deep-sea microorganisms.