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Association Between Onset Age of Coronary Heart Disease and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Jie Liang1, Chenglong Li2,3, Darui Gao2,3
1Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Nursing Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.
Insights
Younger onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) increases dementia risk. Early CHD diagnosis necessitates monitoring neurocognitive health to prevent future dementia.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The link between age of coronary heart disease (CHD) onset and subsequent dementia risk is not well understood.
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
- Dementia encompasses a range of progressive neurological disorders impacting memory and cognitive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the age of coronary heart disease (CHD) onset and the risk of developing incident dementia.
- To determine if earlier onset of CHD correlates with a higher likelihood of dementia.
- To analyze the impact of CHD on all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the UK Biobank, including baseline and follow-up diagnostic information for CHD and dementia.
- Employed propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards models to assess the relationship between CHD onset age and dementia risk.
- Included 432,667 adults, with 11.7% diagnosed with CHD, analyzing dementia incidence across different CHD onset ages.
Main Results:
- Participants with CHD showed significantly higher risks for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia compared to those without CHD.
- A younger age at CHD onset was independently associated with substantially increased risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
- Risk for dementia escalated with decreasing age of CHD onset, even after propensity score matching.
Conclusions:
- Earlier onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant predictor of increased risk for all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.
- Individuals diagnosed with CHD at a younger age require vigilant monitoring of their neurocognitive status.
- Timely interventions targeting younger CHD patients may help mitigate the subsequent risk of developing dementia.
Background:
The association of age at coronary heart disease (CHD) onset with incident dementia remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine whether younger onset age of CHD is associated with a higher risk of incident dementia.
Methods And Results:
Data were obtained from the UK Biobank. Information on the diagnosis of CHD and dementia was collected at baseline and follow-ups. Propensity score matching method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between different ages at CHD onset and incident dementia. A total of 432 667 adults (mean±SD age, 56.9±8.1 years) were included, of whom 11.7% had CHD. Compared with participants without CHD, participants with CHD exhibited higher risks of developing all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. More importantly, younger age at CHD onset (per 10-year decrease) was significantly associated with elevated risks of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25 [95% CI, 1.20-1.30]; P<0.001), Alzheimer's disease (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.20-1.38]; P<0.001), and vascular dementia (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P<0.001). After propensity score matching, patients with CHD had significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia than matched controls among all onset age groups, and the HRs gradually elevated with decreasing age at CHD onset.
Conclusions:
Younger onset age of CHD is associated with higher risks of incident all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia, underscoring the necessity to pay attention to the neurocognitive status of individuals diagnosed with CHD at younger age to conduct timely interventions to attenuate subsequent risk of incident dementia.
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