Markers of refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia

Guillaume Moulis1,2, Lamya Garabet3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Referral Center for Autoimmune Cytopenia, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.

PubMed

Refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a challenging disease that can be defined by refractoriness to second-line treatments. In this review, we list and comment available evidence about clinical and biological factors associated with refractoriness to splenectomy, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), rituximab and fostamatinib, as well as those associated with multirefractory ITP (active disease with failure of rituximab, TPO-RAs and splenectomy).