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Magnesium-based alloys with adapted interfaces for bone implants and tissue engineering.

Iulian Antoniac1,2, Veronica Manescu Paltanea1,3, Aurora Antoniac1

  • 1Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.

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Magnesium alloys offer biocompatible bone implants but require surface tuning to manage corrosion. This review details challenges and advancements in magnesium-based implants for bone repair and regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Magnesium (Mg) alloys are promising for bone implants due to biodegradability and biocompatibility.
  • Their mechanical properties closely resemble human bone.
  • Corrosion in physiological environments necessitates surface modification or alloying.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical challenges in bone repair and regeneration.
  • To analyze magnesium-based implants for trauma and regenerative applications.
  • To explore methods for controlling Mg-alloy corrosion and cellular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical challenges, bone defect classifications, and therapies.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on Mg-implant mechanical properties and degradation.
  • Examination of manufacturing technologies, implant designs, and surface modification techniques.

Main Results:

  • Mg-based implants like plates, screws, and scaffolds are used in various bone defect treatments.
  • Implant degradation, hydrogen release, and new bone formation are key interface challenges.
  • Surface modifications, physical deposition, and chemical coatings enhance implant performance.

Conclusions:

  • Mg alloys present significant potential for bone implants, but corrosion remains a challenge.
  • Advanced surface engineering is crucial for optimizing Mg-based implant integration and function.
  • Further research is needed for translational applications and improved bone regeneration outcomes.