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Factors Affecting Mortality in Elderly Hypertensive Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study

Qun Xu1, Fangzhou Li2, Xujiao Chen2,3

  • 1School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.

Clinical Interventions in Aging
|November 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Elderly patients with hypertension and COVID-19 experience worse outcomes, including severe kidney injury and higher mortality. Kidney dysfunction is a key predictor of death in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Elderly individuals are at high risk for severe outcomes from COVID-19.
  • Hypertension is a common comorbidity in the elderly, potentially impacting COVID-19 prognosis.
  • Understanding factors influencing mortality in elderly hypertensive COVID-19 patients is crucial for clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors, particularly kidney function, affecting mortality in elderly hypertensive patients with COVID-19.
  • To compare outcomes between hypertensive and non-hypertensive elderly COVID-19 patients.
  • To identify independent risk factors for death in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 748 elderly COVID-19 patients (≥65 years).
  • Comparison of demographic data, laboratory values, comorbidities, treatments, and clinical outcomes.
  • Subgroup analysis by age and frailty; survival analysis for risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Elderly hypertensive COVID-19 patients showed poorer kidney function (higher BUN, UA, Scr; lower eGFR) and increased severity, ICU admission, and mortality.
  • Very elderly and frail hypertensive subgroups exhibited heightened risks and higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI).
  • Independent risk factors for death included advanced age (≥80), heart failure, antiviral/CCB therapy, mechanical ventilation, AKI, and low eGFR (<60).

Conclusions:

  • Elderly hypertensive patients with COVID-19 face more severe kidney injury, disease progression, and mortality.
  • Kidney dysfunction is strongly linked to increased mortality in elderly COVID-19 patients.
  • Findings highlight the importance of monitoring kidney function in elderly hypertensive individuals with COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
elderlyfrailtyhypertensive hospitalized patients with COVID-19kidney dysfunctionmortality

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