Nanoparticles cellular uptake, trafficking, activation, toxicity and in vitro evaluation
Fernanda Toscano1, Marbel Torres-Arias1,2
1Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y la Agricultura, Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, GISAH, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador.
Current Research in Immunology
|November 29, 2023
Summary
Nanoparticle (NP) properties influence biological interactions, affecting cellular uptake and toxicity. Understanding these nano-bio interactions is crucial for developing safe and effective nanomedicines.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) critically influence their interactions with biological systems, including cellular uptake, trafficking, and toxicity.
- Assessing nano-bio interactions is essential for the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of NPs as intracellular delivery carriers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying nanoparticle interactions within cellular and subcellular environments.
- To provide insights for optimizing NP synthesis and design for enhanced clinical benefits and reduced side effects.
Main Methods:
- Review of in vitro studies evaluating nanoparticle effects on cells.
- Analysis of cellular uptake pathways, including endocytosis.
- Investigation of intracellular trafficking mediated by endosomes.
- Examination of cellular responses, such as reactive oxygen species (RONS) production and signaling pathway modulation.
Main Results:
- Nanoparticle cellular entry primarily occurs via endocytosis, followed by intracellular trafficking.
- Cellular responses to NPs, including inflammatory reactions, depend on NP properties and cell type.
- Reactive oxygen species (RONS) production is a principal mechanism for NP-induced cellular activation.
- Existing in vitro tests often focus on cell dysfunction, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunogenicity, and cell death.
Conclusions:
- Understanding in vitro nano-bio interactions is vital for advancing NP-based therapies.
- Optimization of NP design based on mechanistic insights can maximize therapeutic efficacy and minimize adverse effects.
- Further research into NP-cell interactions will guide the development of safer and more effective nanomedicines.
