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CBC Differences between Survived and Deceased COVID-19 Patients: A Cohort Study

Mahboobeh Freidoon1, Narjes Soleimanifar2, Naghmeh Sayadi1

  • 1Nephrology Department of Shohaday-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran
|November 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Complete Blood Count (CBC) tests can predict Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis. Lower white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts, along with higher neutrophil counts, indicate a poor COVID-19 outcome.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for accessible diagnostic tools.
  • Complete Blood Count (CBC) offers a cost-effective method for patient assessment.
  • CBC parameters are crucial for monitoring hospitalized patients and predicting prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prognostic value of CBC parameters in COVID-19 patients.
  • To determine if specific CBC indices correlate with disease severity and patient outcomes.
  • To assess the utility of CBC for daily follow-up of hospitalized COVID-19 cases.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective monitoring of CBC tests in 100 COVID-19 patients over ten days.
  • Comparison of CBC results between general ward and intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  • Calculation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) at admission.

Main Results:

  • ICU patients exhibited significantly lower white blood cell (WBC) counts (P=0.008).
  • Deceased patients had lower lymphocyte percentages (P=0.041) and higher neutrophil percentages (P=0.012) compared to survivors.
  • Survivors showed significantly higher monocyte percentages (P=0.003) than non-survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Lower WBC, lymphocyte, and monocyte percentages, coupled with higher neutrophil percentages, suggest a poor prognosis in moderate to severe COVID-19.
  • CBC parameters serve as valuable indicators for predicting COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Routine CBC testing can aid in the management and triage of COVID-19 patients.

Keywords:
COVID-19Complete Blood Count (CBC)Patients

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