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Quantification of Antibody-dependent Enhancement of the Zika Virus in Primary Human Cells
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Is Prior Zika Virus Infection Associated With Cardiovascular Disease?

Diego Vasquez1, Ana Palacio2, Peter Chedraui3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECU.

Cureus
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Young patients with prior Zika virus (ZIKV) infection show increased cardiovascular complications, including heart structure changes and arrhythmias. This study highlights the long-term cardiac impact of ZIKV in a younger population.

Keywords:
24-hour holtercardiac arrhythmias (ca)cardio vascular diseasediastolic dysfunctionechocardiogram (echo)left ventricular hypertrophy (lvh)valvular regurgitationzika diagnosiszika infection

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is linked to severe health issues, with emerging concerns about cardiovascular complications.
  • Previous reports on ZIKV-related cardiovascular issues are primarily from case studies and focus on acute post-infection effects.
  • The long-term cardiovascular impact of ZIKV, especially in younger individuals, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence and nature of cardiovascular complications in a cohort of young patients with a history of ZIKV infection.
  • To identify specific echocardiographic, arrhythmic, and hemodynamic abnormalities associated with prior ZIKV infection in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling patients with a confirmed ZIKV infection history of at least one year.
  • Participants underwent comprehensive cardiovascular assessments, including echocardiography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and 24-hour Holter monitoring.
  • The primary outcome was a composite measure of diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, valvular regurgitation, premature beats, or non-dipper blood pressure status.

Main Results:

  • The study included 47 ZIKV-infected patients and 16 controls, with no significant age difference between groups.
  • Prior ZIKV infection was significantly associated with diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy, valvular regurgitation, arrhythmias/premature beats, and non-dipper status (p<0.05).
  • The adjusted odds ratio for the primary composite outcome in ZIKV-infected patients was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3-2.7). Elevated IL-10 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were observed one year post-infection.

Conclusions:

  • Young individuals with a history of ZIKV infection exhibit a higher incidence of echocardiographic abnormalities, arrhythmias, and altered blood pressure regulation compared to their non-infected peers.
  • These findings suggest that ZIKV infection can lead to persistent cardiovascular changes in younger populations.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanisms and long-term prognosis of these ZIKV-associated cardiovascular sequelae.