Pulmonary Cryptococcosis Mimicking Lung Cancer: A Diagnostic Challenge

Pulmonary cryptococcosis, although rare, maybe seen in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Cryptococcosis presenting as a lung mass mimicking lung cancer is very rare. Here, we report our experience with pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as a lung mass mimicking malignancy in an immunocompetent patient. In this case, the patient presented to us with left-sided pleural effusion and lung mass on computed tomography (CT) of the chest. Bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, which showed cryptococcal organisms. He responded well to oral anti-fungal therapy without any need for surgical interventions.