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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
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Relationship between learning flow and academic performance among students: a systematic evaluation and

Zhang Jinmin1, Fang Qi2

  • 1School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Learning flow, a state of deep engagement, positively correlates with academic performance. Students experiencing higher learning flow tend to achieve better academic results, though more research is needed.

Keywords:
academic performancelearning flowmeta-analysisrelationshipsystematic evaluation

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Flow experience is characterized by deep engagement and enjoyment in tasks.
  • Learning flow is a key area in education due to its potential to enhance academic performance.
  • The precise impact of learning flow on academic achievement remains debated.

Approach:

  • A systematic review guided by PRISMA was conducted to synthesize evidence on learning flow and academic performance.
  • Empirical research was collected from four major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science) from inception until June 2023.
  • A meta-analysis was performed on 13 RCTs with a total of 3,253 participants.

Key Points:

  • The meta-analysis included 13 RCTs with a total sample size of 3,253.
  • The average quality score of included studies was 7.46 (out of 9), indicating above-average quality.
  • A significant positive correlation (r=0.43, 95% CI [0.28, 0.57]) was found between learning flow and academic performance.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides evidence for a positive relationship between learning flow and academic performance.
  • Students with higher levels of learning flow demonstrate better academic achievement.
  • Further high-quality research with larger sample sizes is recommended to validate these findings.