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Cardiac Autonomic Activity, Personality Traits, and Academic Performance in First-Year Medical Students: A

Elizabeth Tharion1, Upasana Kachroo2, Joseph Noel3

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Academic performance in medical students is linked to heart rate variability and personality traits, but only in females. This study highlights gender-specific differences in how physiological and psychological factors predict success during the transition to higher education.

Keywords:
academic performanceadolescentscardiac autonomic functioneducational psychologyfirst-year medical studentsfive-factor personalityheart rate variabilitypersonality traitsstudentsyouth

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Physiology
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Academic success is not solely determined by effort or intelligence.
  • Understanding factors influencing academic performance during the transition from high school to professional schools, especially without parental supervision, is crucial.
  • Cardiac autonomic activity and personality traits may play a role in academic achievement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cardiac autonomic activity, personality traits, and academic performance in first-year medical students.
  • To explore potential gender-specific differences in these relationships.
  • To identify predictors of academic success in a new educational and living environment.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 81 first-year medical students.
  • Measurement of resting heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) indices.
  • Assessment of personality traits using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3.
  • Correlation and regression analyses between academic marks and physiological/psychological parameters, with gender-based subgroup analysis.

Main Results:

  • Overall, resting heart rate and HRV did not correlate with academic marks in the cohort.
  • In female students, academic marks positively correlated with high-frequency power and total power of HRV.
  • Female students' marks also correlated with higher scores in conscientiousness and extraversion.
  • No significant correlations were found between academic performance and the assessed parameters in male students.

Conclusions:

  • Academic performance is significantly associated with cardiac autonomic modulation and specific personality traits (conscientiousness, extraversion) in female medical students.
  • A notable gender-specific difference exists in the relationship between scholastic performance and HRV during the transition to professional schooling.
  • These findings contribute to understanding educational psychology in adolescents navigating new academic and independent living environments.