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Infant case of severe immune thrombocytopenia caused by COVID-19 infection

Tatsuya Anzai1,2, Naomi Nakashima2, Hiroyuki Betsui1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan.

Ejhaem
|November 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children linked to COVID-19 infection can be severe, with very low platelet counts observed. This case highlights the need for more research into this rare pediatric complication.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Viral Immunology

Background:

  • Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder common in children, typically triggered by viral infections.
  • While adult cases of COVID-19-related ITP exist, pediatric reports are scarce.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 1-year-old girl with COVID-19 infection who developed severe ITP with a platelet count of 0.0 × 10^4/μL.
  • A literature review identified 10 additional pediatric cases of COVID-19-related ITP.

Findings:

  • The majority of reported pediatric COVID-19-related ITP cases presented with critically low platelet counts (<1.0 × 10^4/μL).
  • These findings suggest a potential for severe presentation of ITP in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Implications:

  • This underscores the importance of considering COVID-19 as a potential trigger for ITP in pediatric patients presenting with thrombocytopenia.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the pathophysiology and clinical course of COVID-19-associated ITP in children.

Keywords:
childcoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

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