Alternative workflows for identifying transnational missing persons

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Genetics
• Public Health

Background:

• Mass migration and migrant deaths at the U.S. southern border reveal systemic issues in transnational decedent identification.
• Death investigations in Texas experience significant delays and face numerous barriers throughout the process.
• Fragmented DNA databases hinder the comparison of genetic profiles from unidentified human remains (UHR) and missing persons' families.

Purpose of the Study:

• To pilot alternative workflows for processing UHR and family reference samples (FRS) to identify probable migrant decedents.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of Rapid DNA technology and accredited non-CODIS DNA laboratories in supporting identification efforts.

Main Methods:

• Piloted alternative workflows using Rapid DNA and accredited non-CODIS DNA laboratories.
• Conducted these approaches in parallel with existing medicolegal workflows under jurisdictional guidance.
• Focused on processing UHR and FRS for identification of migrant decedents.

Main Results:

• Rapid DNA technology was found to be a valid method for anthropology laboratories to support identification hypotheses.
• Accredited non-CODIS forensic and genetic laboratories effectively supported families in identifying remains.
• These alternative methods showed promise, particularly for families residing outside the United States.

Conclusions:

• Alternative DNA processing workflows, including Rapid DNA and accredited non-CODIS labs, can significantly improve the identification of migrant decedents.
• These approaches address the limitations of current systems, offering more efficient and accessible identification pathways.
• Enhanced collaboration between forensic science, genetics, and medicolegal systems is crucial for effective transnational decedent identification.