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Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Methods for Intravenous Self Administration in a Mouse Model

Methods for Intravenous Self Administration in a Mouse Model

Published on: December 8, 2012

Medication Desensitization: Single Intravenous Bag Method, in 3 Pediatric Patients.

Jordan Wallace¹, Lauren Garner¹, Carmen Echols¹

¹Department of Pharmacy (JW, LG, CE, KP, JBK), University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC.

The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT : the Official Journal of PPAG

|November 29, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric patients can undergo successful medication desensitization for chemotherapy using a simplified single IV infusion bag method. This approach reduces time, resources, and medication errors compared to traditional multi-bag protocols.

Keywords:

biologic chemotherapy desensitization hypersensitivity medication

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2025

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Clinical Pharmacology
Immunology

Background:

Chemotherapy and biologic agents can cause hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in pediatric patients.
Alternative treatments are often unavailable, making HSR management crucial for continued therapy.
Traditional 12-step desensitization protocols using multiple IV bags are resource-intensive and risk-prone.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a simplified single IV infusion bag desensitization method for pediatric patients.
To report institutional experiences using this streamlined approach for various desensitization protocols.

Main Methods:

Adapted a previously published simplified 12-step desensitization protocol utilizing a single IV infusion bag.
Applied this method to three pediatric patients requiring desensitization to different medications.
Monitored patients for HSRs and treatment success throughout the desensitization process.

Main Results:

Successful desensitization was achieved in two out of the three pediatric patients treated.
The single IV bag method demonstrated feasibility in a clinical setting.
This simplified approach potentially reduces the burden on healthcare resources.

Conclusions:

The simplified single IV infusion bag desensitization method shows promise for managing HSRs in pediatric oncology.
This approach offers a more efficient and potentially safer alternative to traditional multi-bag protocols.
Further investigation is warranted to confirm the broad applicability and long-term outcomes of this technique.