The concerted proton-electron transfer mechanism of proton migration in the electrochemical interface

The proton migration in the electrochemical interface is a fundamental electrochemical processes in proton involved reactions. We find fractional electron transfer, which is inversely proportional to the distance between the proton and electrode, during the proton migration under constant potential. The electrical energy carried by the transferred charge facilitates the proton to overcome the chemical barrier in the migration pathway, which is accounting for more than half electrical energy in the proton involved reactions. Consequently, less charge transfer and energy exchange take place in the reduction process. Therefore, the proton migration in the electrochemical interface is an essential component of the electrochemical reaction in terms of electron transfer and energy conversation, and are worthy of more attention in the rational design and optimization of electrochemical systems.