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The subcoracoid space. An anatomic study.

C Gerber, F Terrier, R Zehnder

    Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Subcoracoid impingement, a cause of shoulder pain, occurs when soft tissues get pinched under the coracoid process. This study found that the space narrows significantly during arm flexion, indicating a higher risk during this movement.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Sports Medicine
    • Anatomy

    Background:

    • Subcoracoid impingement is an emerging cause of shoulder disability.
    • Understanding the anatomical factors is crucial for diagnosing and treating this condition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To measure the subcoracoid space in different arm positions.
    • To identify anatomical risk factors for subcoracoid impingement.

    Main Methods:

    • Computerized tomography (CT) scans of 47 normal shoulders.
    • Measurements taken in adduction and forward flexion/internal rotation.
    • Analysis of coracohumeral relationship and coracoid morphology.

    Main Results:

    • Average subcoracoid space was 8.7 mm in adduction and 6.8 mm in flexion.

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  • Arm flexion reduced the space more significantly than arm adduction.
  • A coracoid tip close to the scapular neck and projecting laterally increased impingement risk during flexion.

    • Conclusions:

    • Subcoracoid impingement risk is elevated during arm flexion.
    • Specific anatomical variations, particularly coracoid shape and position, predispose individuals to impingement.
    • Further research into surgical and non-surgical interventions is warranted.