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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Tools and techniques for classifying behaviours in canine epilepsy.

Emily Folkard1, Lee Niel2, Luis Gaitero1

  • 1Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic epilepsy in dogs often causes behavioral issues like fear and anxiety. This review explores objective methods like questionnaires, electroencephalography, and actigraphy to better understand and manage canine epilepsy behaviors.

Keywords:
actigraphybehavioural comorbiditiescanine epilepsyelectroencephalographyidiopathic epilepsyquestionnaires

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Animal Behavior Science

Background:

  • Idiopathic epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in dogs, frequently associated with behavioral comorbidities such as fear, anxiety, and aggression.
  • Current understanding of behavioral changes in canine epilepsy is limited, with difficulties in distinguishing interictal, pre-ictal, and post-ictal behaviors, as well as seizure-precipitating factors.
  • The under-recognition of absence and focal seizures further complicates behavioral assessments in epileptic dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate objective research methods for classifying and quantifying canine behavior in the context of epilepsy.
  • To examine the strengths, limitations, and granularity of questionnaires, electroencephalography (EEG), and actigraphy in studying canine epilepsy and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review critically analyzes three distinct tools used in canine epilepsy research: questionnaires, electroencephalography (EEG), and actigraphy.
  • The review assesses the applicability and effectiveness of each method in capturing and quantifying behavioral data in epileptic dogs.

Main Results:

  • Questionnaires provide caregiver-reported data but may lack objective granularity.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) offers objective physiological data but may not fully capture behavioral nuances.
  • Actigraphy provides objective data on activity levels and patterns, offering insights into circadian rhythms and general activity, but requires correlation with behavioral events.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of questionnaires, electroencephalography (EEG), and actigraphy offers a promising approach for the objective classification and quantification of behavior in dogs with epilepsy.
  • Integrating these methods can enhance the understanding of behavioral comorbidities and their impact on the quality of life for both dogs and their caregivers.
  • Further prospective research utilizing combined methodologies is needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for canine epilepsy.