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Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

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Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2025

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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How patients experience thyroid eye disease.

Terry J Smith1, Laszlo Hegedüs2, Ira Lesser3

  • 1Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) significantly impacts patients' quality of life across all disease stages, causing physical symptoms, emotional distress, and limiting daily activities. Understanding these patient experiences is crucial for effective disease management.

Keywords:
Graves’ orbitopathyactive diseasechronic diseasepatient experiencepatient surveyquality of lifethyroid eye diseasethyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a serious autoimmune condition affecting the eyes, often leading to misdiagnosis and persistent quality-of-life challenges.
  • Symptoms can endure even after the active inflammatory phase of TED has resolved, impacting patients long-term.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifaceted impact of thyroid eye disease (TED) on patients' physical, emotional, and overall quality of life (QoL) across various disease stages.
  • To identify key challenges and experiences faced by individuals diagnosed with TED.

Main Methods:

  • A survey with 62 questions was administered to patients aged 18 and above diagnosed with TED.
  • The survey focused on physical and emotional well-being, and QoL in the two months preceding the survey.
  • Statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests, were used to examine correlations between reported issues.

Main Results:

  • Of 443 respondents, 69% experienced physical signs/symptoms. The most common issues included dry eyes, light sensitivity, bulging eyes, and eye pain.
  • A significant portion reported negative QoL impacts: 45% felt depressed/anxious, 44% were concerned about appearance, and 49% experienced decreased confidence.
  • Younger patients (<60 years) and those diagnosed within the last 5 years reported more severe symptoms and QoL decline. Activities like reading, driving, and socializing were frequently limited.

Conclusions:

  • Physical manifestations of TED profoundly affect patient quality of life throughout all disease phases.
  • Healthcare providers need enhanced awareness of patient experiences with TED to improve disease management strategies.
  • Addressing the physical and psychosocial impacts of TED is essential for comprehensive patient care.